Machine Learning Algorithms which provide information that describes why a classification is made -

i working on machine learning project in need train model classify various input objects; simplicity, lets assume trying create model can classify image either containing cat or dog.

however, not interested in classifying these objects, in understanding why algorithm classified image dog or cat. decision trees allow nice visualizations describe why example classified 1 way or based on example's features, so:

i new machine learning, unfamiliar how lot of learning algorithms work; there other algorithms allow visualization (or information) give insight why input example classified 1 way or other, based on examples features?

there 1 such visualization tool (for neural networks) helps visualize how particular parameter affects output classification. might give intuition on how network classifying particular label. can check out here: http://playground.tensorflow.org/

since linear , complex non linear classifiers can represented/transformed neural network, can generalize better.